Guinea presents draft for new constitution, referendum set for September
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Guinea sets September referendum for new constitution as path to civilian rule emerges.
Guinea Unveils Draft Constitution Ahead of Pivotal September Referendum
Transition Government Presents New Charter
Guinea’s transitional authorities have unveiled a draft constitution to transitional leader General Mamady Doumbouya, signaling a critical moment in the country’s path back to democratic governance. The proposed document was publicly presented this week on national television, more than three years after a military junta seized power in a 2021 coup that ousted President Alpha Condé.
Observers across the region and internationally are viewing the move as a potential turning point in Guinea’s return to constitutional order, especially with a referendum scheduled for September.
Key Changes: Longer Presidential Terms and New Senate
Although largely mirroring earlier constitutional frameworks, the draft introduces a few key changes. Most notably, presidential terms would be extended from five to seven years, while maintaining a two-term limit. However, the removal of a previous clause that explicitly restricted any person to two terms “in their lifetime” has sparked concern among democracy advocates, who fear this might open the door for long-term power consolidation.
Another notable feature is the creation of a Senate, a new legislative chamber in which one-third of members would be appointed directly by the head of state, raising questions about the balance of power and institutional independence.
A Military Junta Seeking Legitimacy
Since the 2021 coup, Guinea has been under the control of a military-led transitional government. General Doumbouya and his leadership have faced criticism for their handling of democratic institutions, with many accusing the junta of consolidating power instead of preparing the country for elections.
In 2023, the transitional government dissolved numerous political parties, shut down civic institutions, and missed its own election deadline, which further eroded public trust and international confidence.
September Referendum Sets Democratic Timeline in Motion
Despite setbacks, the new roadmap is clearer than before. The transitional government now plans to hold a referendum in September 2025 to approve the draft constitution, followed by national elections in December. Prime Minister Amadou Oury Bah confirmed the timeline earlier in May, calling it a “credible and irreversible path” toward restoring civilian rule.
If the referendum passes, it would mark a critical milestone in Guinea’s complex and often turbulent political history. Analysts say the vote will be seen as a referendum not just on the draft itself, but also on the credibility of the junta’s commitment to democracy.
Public and International Reaction Remains Cautious
Reactions to the draft have been mixed. Some Guineans view it as a necessary step to stabilize the country and re-establish rule of law. However, critics argue that extending presidential terms and allowing appointments in the Senate risks replicating the authoritarian tendencies of the past.
International observers, including ECOWAS and the African Union, have cautiously welcomed the draft and the upcoming referendum, urging transparency, broad consultation, and inclusive electoral processes to ensure legitimacy.
Future of Guinea’s Democracy at Stake
As Guinea prepares for a critical vote, public confidence will be essential. The referendum could either revive the nation’s democratic institutions or entrench military-aligned leadership under the guise of a constitutional framework.
With high stakes and a recent history of political unrest, the next few months will be decisive in determining whether Guinea will truly transition to civilian rule or face another round of political instability.
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