Army General Named Madagascar Prime Minister Amid Youth-Led Protests

President Rajoelina’s move to appoint a military leader sparks more unrest as Gen Z activists demand his resignation

Madagascar’s political climate has taken a new turn as President Andry Rajoelina appointed an army General Ruphin Fortunat Zafisambo, as the country’s new prime minister. The decision, aimed at calming Gen Z-led protests, has instead heightened tensions across the nation. Rajoelina described the general as someone “capable of restoring order and the people’s trust” amid fears of a coup attempt.

Rajoelina’s Struggle to Maintain Control

The appointment came shortly after President Rajoelina warned of possible coup plots and dismissed former civilian Prime Minister Christian Ntsay along with his cabinet. By installing a high ranking military officer, Rajoelina appears to be consolidating his control and ensuring the army’s loyalty during a volatile political period. The move, however, underscores a growing militarisation of his government.

Youth Movement Rejects Military Appointment

The protest group, Gen Z Mada, quickly condemned the appointment and gave Rajoelina 48 hours to step down. In their statement, the group vowed to continue demonstrations as long as the president remains in power. What began as anger over water and power shortages has now evolved into a larger movement against corruption, unemployment, and economic hardship.

Escalating Clashes Across the Country

As demonstrations entered their third week, security forces clashed with protesters in major cities including the capital Antananarivo, the southern city of Toliara, and the northern city of Diego Suarez. Reports say several protesters were injured, and at least one young man was taken to hospital. The United Nations earlier estimated 22 deaths and over 100 injuries, figures the government rejected as “misinformation.”

Criticism from Political Rivals

Former President Marc Ravalomanana, ousted by Rajoelina in 2009 has voiced his support for the protest movement. Speaking to international media, Ravalomanana said Rajoelina “doesn’t listen” to the people and argued that appointing Gen Zafisambo “won’t make a difference.” He criticized military involvement in governance and stated he was open to returning to office if citizens demanded it.

Historical Pattern of Political Upheaval

Madagascar has a long history of instability, with multiple uprisings since gaining independence in 1960. The 2009 protests that brought Rajoelina to power were followed by years of political uncertainty. After winning elections again in 2018 and 2023, Rajoelina now faces his most significant challenge yet as the new generation takes to the streets demanding transparency and reform.

A Nation Facing Economic Struggles

Despite Madagascar’s rich natural resources, poverty remains widespread. The World Bank reports that 75% of the population lives below the poverty line, while only one-third of its 30 million citizens have access to electricity, according to the IMF. These hardships have fueled frustration among the youth, many of whom blame poor governance and corruption for the country’s lack of progress.

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Uncertain Future Ahead

With protests showing no sign of slowing and the opposition rallying behind the youth, Madagascar stands at a crossroads. The appointment of a military prime minister was meant to restore order but may instead intensify unrest. The coming weeks will reveal whether Rajoelina’s gamble strengthens his grip on power or deepens the crisis threatening his presidency.

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