Ugandan opposition files petition to quash legislation allowing military courts to try civilians

Uganda Opposition Moves to Block Military Trials for Civilians

Uganda’s primary opposition party, the National Unity Platform (NUP), has filed a constitutional petition seeking to overturn a recently enacted law that permits military courts to try civilians. Opposition leaders argue that this legislation undermines fundamental rights and could easily be exploited for political repression.

Claims of Improper Legislative Process

According to NUP Secretary General Lewis Rubongoya, lawmakers ignored essential legal procedures while passing the bill, including meaningful public engagement. Addressing journalists outside the court, Rubongoya stated that the rushed process denied citizens the chance to voice their concerns about such a critical legal change.

Court Rulings Overturned by New Law

Earlier this year, in January, the Supreme Court ruled against the prosecution of civilians in military tribunals, stressing that such courts lack both the impartiality and competence to guarantee a fair criminal trial. This ruling was seen as a significant safeguard for civil liberties in Uganda.

Parliament Pushes Through Controversial Bill

Despite the Supreme Court’s stance, the Ugandan parliament approved a bill in May restoring the military’s authority to prosecute civilians. President Yoweri Museveni, who has led the country for nearly four decades, promptly signed it into law. Critics view this as a major step backward for judicial independence.

Concerns from Rights Groups

Human rights organizations, both local and international, have long warned that military courts in Uganda have been used to intimidate and silence political opposition. These groups argue that the new law could open the door for increased persecution of political rivals and activists under the guise of legal proceedings.

Government’s Justification for the Law

Officials defending the legislation claim it is aimed at prosecuting civilians who engage in armed political violence. Former army spokesperson Chris Magezi welcomed the move, describing it as a deterrent to the formation of “militant political groups.” The country’s military chief, Muhoozi Kainerugaba—also President Museveni’s son—commended parliament for passing the bill.

Past Use of Military Courts Against Opposition Figures

Numerous NUP leaders and supporters, including prominent opposition figure and musician-turned-politician Bobi Wine, have faced charges before military tribunals. Many fear the revived powers will once again be used to weaken the opposition, especially with the 2026 general election approaching.

High-Profile Case Shifted to Civilian Court

The January Supreme Court ruling forced the government to transfer the case of veteran opposition politician Kizza Besigye from a military to a civilian court. Besigye had been charged with serious offences, including treason, under military jurisdiction before the ruling rendered that process unlawful.

Ongoing Detention of Opposition Leaders

Despite the change in court venue, Besigye remains in custody more than nine months after his arrest. Multiple applications for bail have been denied, further fueling claims that the justice system is being manipulated to keep opposition leaders out of the political arena.

Political Climate Ahead of Elections

With national elections on the horizon, the dispute over military trials for civilians has heightened political tensions. Opposition parties fear that, unless the new law is struck down, it will be used as a tool to stifle dissent and tilt the political playing field heavily in the ruling party’s favor.

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