Russia says it plans to boost economic and military cooperation with Africa
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Russia Expands Economic and Military Ties with Africa
The Kremlin seeks deeper strategic engagement across the African continent amid shifting global alliances.
Strengthening Africa-Russia Relations
Russia is intensifying its engagement with African nations, with a particular focus on boosting both economic and military partnerships. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov confirmed the country’s strategic commitment, stating that Russia intends to “comprehensively develop” its interactions with African countries, prioritizing trade, investment, and infrastructure cooperation.
Defense and Security Partnerships
In addition to economic collaboration, Russia is expanding its role in Africa’s defense and security landscape. “This also extends to such sensitive areas as defense and security,” Peskov noted. He emphasized that the Kremlin would continue close cooperation with African states in these areas, signaling a long-term strategic vision.
Security Vacuum After Wagner’s Exit
Russia’s security involvement in Africa has come under renewed scrutiny following the recent announcement that the Wagner Group, a controversial paramilitary outfit, is withdrawing from Mali. Wagner forces had operated in the country since late 2021, frequently accused of human rights violations during their missions against insurgents and jihadist groups.
The Rise of the Africa Corps
In the wake of Wagner’s failed mutiny in 2023 and the suspicious death of its leader Yevgeny Prigozhin, Russia overhauled its military operations across Africa. The Kremlin responded by establishing a new paramilitary force known as the Africa Corps, which has taken over Wagner’s missions and will continue to operate in Mali and possibly expand elsewhere on the continent.
Filling the Western Void
Analysts suggest that Russia is stepping into a power vacuum left by the retreat of Western forces, particularly France and the United States, from the Sahel region. “There is a void in the Sahel… and this is an opportunity for Russia,” said Rida Lyammouri, a senior fellow at the Policy Center for the New South. According to Lyammouri, Moscow’s move requires relatively minimal investment compared to the potential geopolitical benefits.
Mali’s Dependence on Russian Forces
With the security situation in Mali deteriorating, the government has leaned heavily on Russian military support. As Western powers scaled back involvement, countries like Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger have increasingly relied on Russian-backed forces to fight against militants affiliated with al-Qaeda and the Islamic State.
Mounting Casualties on All Sides
Despite these efforts, jihadist violence continues to plague the region. In a recent assault, the al-Qaeda-linked group Jama’at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) killed dozens of Malian soldiers at a military base. A separate attack last July claimed the lives of numerous Wagner mercenaries, highlighting the limitations of Russia’s presence and the persistent instability.
Different Approaches Across the Region
Russia’s military footprint varies from country to country. In Mali, Russian operatives are embedded directly with local military forces, working side-by-side in combat operations. “They have helped recapture northern regions from rebel groups,” Lyammouri explained, but also noted ongoing struggles, particularly against JNIM and Islamic State factions in the Sahara.
Weapons Flow Despite Sanctions
Despite international sanctions, Russia has continued to supply arms to West Africa. Reports indicate that Russian cargo ships are delivering advanced weaponry, including tanks and artillery, to ports like Conakry, Guinea. Satellite imagery reviewed by the Associated Press shows recent dockings and offloading activities tied to these operations.
Russia and China: Africa’s Primary Arms Suppliers
Together with China, Russia remains one of the leading suppliers of arms to the African continent. This growing reliance reflects a broader shift in Africa’s geopolitical alliances, as several governments look beyond traditional Western partnerships in favor of new global power players.
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