Authorities in Burkina Faso have strongly rejected a report by Human Rights Watch (HRW) claiming that more than 1,800 civilians have been killed since the military seized power.
The government described the report as “false” and based on “unfounded claims”, insisting that its armed forces have acted with professionalism in their fight against Islamist militants. Officials said the report was intended to “demonise” the country’s military.
HRW’s findings alleged that around 1,837 civilians were killed between January 2023 and August 2025 in 57 separate incidents. The group attributed the majority of the killings to government forces and allied militias, while blaming the rest on extremist groups linked to al-Qaeda.
The report also suggested that the country’s leader, Ibrahim Traoré, along with senior military commanders, could be held responsible under international law and should be investigated.
However, the Burkinabé government dismissed these accusations, reiterating that its priority remains combating a long-running insurgency that has destabilised the region for over a decade.
The conflict has left civilians caught in the middle, with attacks carried out by both jihadist groups and pro-government forces. HRW described the situation as involving “war crimes and crimes against humanity”, including killings, looting, and forced displacement.
One of the most serious incidents cited occurred in the northern town of Djibo, where more than 400 civilians were reportedly killed. Survivors described brutal violence and lasting psychological trauma.
Militias known as the Volunteers for the Defence of the Fatherland (VDP), made up of civilians recruited to support the army, have also been accused of involvement in abuses. Critics say some individuals have been forced to join these groups.
Meanwhile, jihadist factions, including groups affiliated with JNIM, have continued to target communities, enforcing control through violence and intimidation.
HRW has called on the International Criminal Court to open an investigation into alleged crimes committed by all sides since 2022. It also urged international partners to reconsider cooperation with Burkina Faso’s military.
Despite growing criticism, Captain Traoré has maintained strong support among some Africans for his anti-Western stance and promises to restore security.
The country, alongside neighbours Mali and Niger, has shifted away from Western allies and strengthened ties with Russia in its ongoing battle against insurgents. However, violence continues to escalate, raising concerns about the humanitarian situation.
