Cabo Delgado insurgency continues despite military efforts
A military victory over jihadist insurgents in Mozambique’s Cabo Delgado province does not appear imminent, according to a report by UN Special Rapporteur Ben Saul.
Mozambique has been battling an insurgency in the northern province since 2017. The conflict has caused widespread insecurity, displacement and disruption to communities.
Attacks on civilians increase
Saul said the frequency, severity and scale of attacks against civilians had increased over the past year.
The UN expert made the assessment after visiting Mozambique from 4 to 14 August to examine the country’s counter-terrorism laws, policies and practices.
UN special rapporteurs are independent experts appointed by the Human Rights Council and do not officially speak on behalf of the United Nations.
Rwanda supports Mozambique
Rwandan forces have been deployed to Cabo Delgado since 2021 to support Mozambique’s military in its fight against the insurgency.
The operation has also received backing from the European Union.
However, Saul’s report said the current military strategy was focused mainly on “offensive defence” rather than actively pursuing the armed group.
While this approach has helped reduce some hostilities, the report warned that it could allow the insurgents to rebuild their strength.
Thousands displaced
The conflict has had a major humanitarian impact.
According to figures cited from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data organisation, 6,632 people, including 2,772 civilians, have been killed since the insurgency began in 2017 through mid-2026.
Around 1.5 million people have also been displaced from their homes.
The report said about 1.7 million people would require humanitarian assistance in Mozambique during 2026.
Lives and livelihoods disrupted
Beyond deaths and displacement, the conflict has affected access to land, livelihoods, property and essential services.
Families have also been separated as communities flee areas affected by violence.
The continuing instability has made it difficult for many displaced people to return to normal lives.
Gas wealth adds importance
Cabo Delgado is home to enormous natural gas reserves, attracting major international energy companies including France’s TotalEnergies, Italy’s ENI and US-based ExxonMobil.
The security situation has therefore remained important not only for local communities but also for Mozambique’s economy and international investors.
Long road ahead
The report suggests that military operations alone are unlikely to bring a quick end to the insurgency.
With attacks continuing and large numbers of people displaced, Mozambique faces significant security and humanitarian challenges as it seeks to restore stability in Cabo Delgado.
